< AppleTalk Protocol | Winsock2 Supported Protocols Main | Another AppleTalk Example >
Winsock 2: Other Supported Protocols 4 Part 8
What do we have in this chapter 4 part 8?
-
Creating a Socket
-
The AppleTalk Sender and Receiver Example
|
|
Creating a Socket
AppleTalk is available in Winsock 1.1 and later, so you can use either socket-creation routine. Again, you have two options of specifying the underlying AppleTalk protocols. First, you can supply the corresponding define from atalkwsh.h for the protocol you want, or you can enumerate the protocols using WSAEnumProtocols() and passing the WSAPROTOCOL_INFO structure. Table 4-1 lists the required parameters for each AppleTalk protocol type when you create a socket directly using socket or WSASocket().
The AppleTalk Sender and Receiver Example
The following example demonstrates the sender and receiver example. Create a new empty Win32 console mode application and add the project/solution name.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Add the following source code.
// Description:
// This sample illustrates how to use the AppleTalk PAP and ADSP
// protocol. This sample either acts as a sender or receiver.
// If acting as the receiver use the -z -t and -n options to
// specify the zone, type, and object name of your receiver
// (server). If acting as the sender specify the -s options
// and the -z -t and -n options refer to the name of the
// AppleTalk endpoint to connect to (i.e. the receiver)
//
// Command Line Parameters/Options:
// Usage: AppleTalkExample [-s] [-z Zone] [-t Type] [n Object] [-c x] [-b x] [-p str]
// -s Act as a sender\n");
// -z Zone AppleTalk zone\n");
// -t Type AppleTalk type name\n");
// -n Object AppleTalk object name\n");
// -c x Number of packets to send\n");
// -b x Buffer size to send\n");
// -p str Specifies protocol (PAP or ADSP)
// Receiver example: AppleTalkExample -z * -t WindowsSockets -n AppletalkApp
// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms737629(VS.85).aspx
#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#endif
#include <windows.h>
// Link to ws2_32.lib
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <atalkwsh.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
// Link to Mswsock.lib
// For WSARecvEx()
#include <Mswsock.h>
#define DEFAULT_ZONE "*"
#define DEFAULT_TYPE "WindowsSockets"
#define DEFAULT_OBJECT "AppletalkApp"
// The maximum size of a PAP message is 4096 bytes
#define MAX_BUFFER 4096
#define DEFAULT_COUNT 20
#define MAX_PROTO 32
BOOL bSender=FALSE;
char szZone[MAX_ENTITY] = ""; // Zone to lookup
char szType[MAX_ENTITY] = ""; // Type the object belongs to
char szObject[MAX_ENTITY] = ""; // Appletalk object (name) to
DWORD dwSendSize=MAX_BUFFER, // Number of bytes to send
dwCount=DEFAULT_COUNT; // Number of packets to send
int iProto=ATPROTO_PAP, // Protocol to use (PAP or ADSP)
iSocketType=SOCK_RDM; // Socket type of the given protocol
// PAP == SOCK_RDM while
// ADSP == SOCK_STREAM
// Function: usage
// Description: Print usage information and exit.
int usage()
{
printf("Usage: AppleTalkExample [-s] [-z Zone] [-t Type] [-n Object] [-c x] [-b x]\n");
printf(" -s Act as a sender\n");
printf(" -z Zone AppleTalk zone\n");
printf(" -t Type AppleTalk type name\n");
printf(" -n Object AppleTalk object name\n");
printf(" -c x Number of packets to send\n");
printf(" -b x Buffer size to send\n");
printf(" -p [adsp|pap] Protocol to use\n");
return 0;
}
// Function: ValidateArgs
// Description:
// This function parses the command line arguments and sets
// several global variables based upon the supplied commands
int ValidateArgs(int argc, char **argv)
{
int i;
if (argc > 1)
{
for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
{
if ( (argv[i][0] == '-') || (argv[i][0] == '/') )
{
switch (tolower(argv[i][1]) )
{
case '?':
usage();
break;
case 's': // act as a sender
bSender = TRUE;
break;
case 'z': // zone name
if(i+1 < argc)
{
strcpy_s(szZone,sizeof(szZone),argv[i+1]);
++i;
}
break;
case 't': // type name
if(i+1 < argc)
{
strcpy_s(szType,sizeof(szType),argv[i+1]);
++i;
}
break;
case 'n': // object name
if(i+1 < argc)
{
strcpy_s(szObject,sizeof(szObject),argv[i+1]);
++i;
}
break;
case 'c': // number of packets to send
if(i+1 < argc)
{
dwCount = atoi(argv[i+1]);
++i;
}
break;
case 'b': // size of packet to send
if(i+1 < argc)
{
dwSendSize = atoi(argv[i+1]);
if(dwSendSize > MAX_BUFFER)
usage();
++i;
}
break;
case 'p': // protocol to use
if(i+1 < argc)
{
if(strlen(argv[i+1]) >= 3)
{
if(0 == _stricmp(argv[i+1],"adsp"))
{
iProto = ATPROTO_ADSP;
iSocketType = SOCK_STREAM;
}
else if (0 == _stricmp(argv[i+1],"pap"))
{
iProto = ATPROTO_PAP;
iSocketType = SOCK_RDM;
}
}
++i;
}
break;
default:
usage();
break;
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}
// Function: RegisterName
// Description: Register an AppleTalk name on the network.
int RegisterName(SOCKET s, char * zone, char *type, char *obj)
{
WSH_REGISTER_NAME nbpname;
int ret;
// Fill out the WSH_NBP_NAME structure
// memset(&nbpname,0,sizeof(nbpname)); or
// ZeroMemory(&nbpname, sizeof(nbpname)); or
SecureZeroMemory(&nbpname, sizeof(nbpname)); // more secure
strcpy_s(nbpname.ZoneName, sizeof(nbpname.ZoneName),zone);
nbpname.ZoneNameLen = strlen(zone);
strcpy_s(nbpname.TypeName, sizeof(nbpname.TypeName), type);
nbpname.TypeNameLen = strlen(type);
strcpy_s(nbpname.ObjectName, sizeof(nbpname.ObjectName),obj);
nbpname.ObjectNameLen = strlen(obj);
/*
printf("Registering %s:%s@%s\n", nbpname.ObjectName,
nbpname.TypeName,
nbpname.ZoneName);
*/
printf("Registering: %s:%s@%s\n", obj, type, zone);
ret = setsockopt(s, SOL_APPLETALK, SO_REGISTER_NAME, (char *)&nbpname, sizeof(nbpname));
if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("setsockopt(SO_REGISTER_NAME) failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return 1;
}
else
printf("setsockopt(SO_REGISTER_NAME) is OK!\n");
return 0;
}
// Function: FindName
// Description:
// Lookup a given name on the AppleTalk network so that we can
// get the network, node, and socket number associated with it
// in order to make a connection
int FindName(SOCKET s, char *zone, char *type, char *obj, SOCKADDR_AT *addr)
{
char szLookup[MAX_BUFFER], *lpLookup;
PWSH_LOOKUP_NAME lpLookupName=NULL;
int size = MAX_BUFFER, ret;
PWSH_NBP_TUPLE lpTuple;
lpLookupName = (PWSH_LOOKUP_NAME)szLookup;
// Fill in our WSH_LOOKUP_NAME structure with the name to find
strcpy_s(lpLookupName->LookupTuple.NbpName.ObjectName, sizeof(lpLookupName->LookupTuple.NbpName.ObjectName),obj);
lpLookupName->LookupTuple.NbpName.ObjectNameLen = strlen(obj);
strcpy_s(lpLookupName->LookupTuple.NbpName.TypeName, sizeof(lpLookupName->LookupTuple.NbpName.TypeName), type);
lpLookupName->LookupTuple.NbpName.TypeNameLen = strlen(type);
strcpy_s(lpLookupName->LookupTuple.NbpName.ZoneName, sizeof(lpLookupName->LookupTuple.NbpName.ZoneName),zone);
lpLookupName->LookupTuple.NbpName.ZoneNameLen = strlen(zone);
ret = getsockopt(s, SOL_APPLETALK, SO_LOOKUP_NAME, (char *)szLookup, &size);
if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("getsockopt(SO_LOOKUP_NAME) failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return 1;
}
else
printf("getsockopt(SO_LOOKUP_NAME) is OK!\n");
lpLookup = (char *)szLookup + sizeof(WSH_LOOKUP_NAME);
lpTuple = (PWSH_NBP_TUPLE)lpLookup;
printf("Found %d names!\n", lpLookupName->NoTuples);
// Note that we only return the first name returned
addr->sat_family = AF_APPLETALK;
addr->sat_net = lpTuple[0].Address.Network;
addr->sat_node = lpTuple[0].Address.Node;
addr->sat_socket = lpTuple[0].Address.Socket;
printf("addr->sat_family = AF_APPLETALK\n");
printf("addr->sat_net = %d\n", addr->sat_net);
printf("addr->sat_node = %d\n", addr->sat_node);
printf("addr->sat_socket = %d\n", addr->sat_socket);
return 0;
}
// Function: atalkrecv
// Description:
// On a socket read as much data as there is pending. For the PAP
// protocol this means reading until WSARecvEx() returns without
// the MSG_PARTIAL flag set. For ADSP we simply request to read
// the maximum buffer size. If an error occurs we return the
// Winsock error; otherwise a zero is returned. For ADSP we are
// assuming that the message from can be read on the first
// attempt.
int atalkrecv(SOCKET s, char *recvbuff, int *nRead)
{
int iFlags=0, ret;
DWORD dwErr;
BOOL bDone=FALSE;
struct fd_set fdread; *nRead = 0;
dwErr = 0;
if (iProto == ATPROTO_PAP)
{
// For PAP we have to do a prime read first
ret = setsockopt(s, SOL_APPLETALK, SO_PAP_PRIME_READ, recvbuff, MAX_BUFFER);
if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("setsockopt(SO_PAP_PRIME_READ) failed with error code %d\n", (dwErr = WSAGetLastError()));
return dwErr;
}
else
printf("setsockopt(SO_PAP_PRIME_READ) pretty fine!\n");
}
FD_ZERO(&fdread);
FD_SET(s, &fdread);
select(0, &fdread, NULL, NULL, NULL);
while (!bDone)
{
// Make sure we receive the whole message (PAP only)
// For the ADSP protocol, WSARecvEx() will never
// return the MSG_PARTIAL flag.
//if((ret = WSARecv(s,xxxx,MAX_BUFFER,1,&recvbuff[(*nRead)],&iFlags,NULL, NULL== SOCKET_ERROR)
if ((ret = WSARecvEx(s, &recvbuff[(*nRead)], MAX_BUFFER, &iFlags)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
if ((dwErr = WSAGetLastError()) == WSAEWOULDBLOCK)
break;
else if (dwErr == WSAENOTCONN)
break;
printf("WSARecvEx() failed with error code %d\n", dwErr);
return dwErr;
}
if (ret == 0)
{
printf("WSARecvEx() found a graceful close...\n");
break;
}
if ((iFlags & MSG_PARTIAL) == 0)
bDone = TRUE;
(*nRead) += ret;
}
return dwErr;
}
// Function: atalksend
// Description:
// Send the specified number of bytes from the buffer on the
// given socket. Nothing special needs to be done for either
// ADSP or PAP. For PAP, the message should only require one
// send. For ADSP, it could require several send() calls as
// it is stream oriented.
int atalksend(SOCKET s, char *sendbuf, int nSend)
{
DWORD dwErr;
int ret,nPos;
struct fd_set fdwrite;
dwErr = 0;
FD_ZERO(&fdwrite);
FD_SET(s, &fdwrite);
select(0, NULL, &fdwrite, NULL, NULL);
nPos = 0;
while (nSend > 0)
{
if ((ret = send(s, &sendbuf[nPos], nSend, 0)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
if ((dwErr = WSAGetLastError()) != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)
{
printf("send() failed with error code %d\n", dwErr);
}
return dwErr;
}
else
printf("send() is working!\n");
nSend -= ret;
nPos += ret;
}
return dwErr;
}
// Function: ClientThread
// Description: A desc goes here
DWORD WINAPI ClientThread(LPVOID lpParam)
{
SOCKET s = (SOCKET)lpParam;
DWORD i;
char recvbuff[MAX_BUFFER];
int nRead=0;
u_long optval=1;
int ret;
// Make the socket non-blocking, error notification is easier this way
if (ioctlsocket(s, FIONBIO, &optval) == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("ioctlsocket(FIONBIO) failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return 1;
}
else
printf("ioctlsocket(FIONBIO) is pretty damn OK!\n");
// For PAP, receive and send the requested number of packets
// For ADSP, receive and send until the client closed the connection
i = 0;
do {
if ((ret = atalkrecv(s, recvbuff, &nRead)) != 0)
{
if (ret == WSAEWOULDBLOCK)
{
printf("atalkrecv() returns WSAEWOULDBLOCK!\n");
continue;
}
else if (ret == WSAENOTCONN)
{
printf("atalkrecv() returns WSAENOTCONN!\n");
break;
}
else
{
printf("atalkrecv() failed with error code %d\n", ret);
break;
}
}
i++;
if (nRead > 0)
printf("read %d bytes...\n", nRead);
if ((ret = atalksend(s, recvbuff, nRead)) != 0)
{
if (ret == WSAEWOULDBLOCK)
{
printf("atalksend() returns WSAEWOULDBLOCK!\n");
continue;
}
else
{
printf("send() failed with error code %d\n", ret);
break;
}
}
else
printf("atalksend() is OK!\n");
printf("wrote %d bytes...\n", nRead);
} while (((i <= dwCount) && (iProto == ATPROTO_PAP)) || (iProto == ATPROTO_ADSP));
return 0;
}
// Function: main
// Description:
// Load the Winsock library, parse the command line arguments,
// create a socket of the requested type, and either send or
// receive data. For the PAP protocol make sure we receive
// an entire message by checking for the MSG_PARTIAL flag on
// return from WSARecvEx(). For ADSP, the receiver will
// continually loop until the connection is closed (as it is
// a stream protocol).
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
WSADATA wsd;
SOCKET s;
SOCKADDR_AT ataddr;
int ret, nRead, ataddrsz=sizeof(ataddr);
// Get things started by validating command line args,
// loading the Winsock lib, and creating a socket of the requested type.
if(argc == 1)
{
usage();
return 1;
}
else
ValidateArgs(argc, argv);
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(1,1), &wsd) != 0)
{
printf("WSAStartup() failed!\n");
return 1;
}
printf("WSAStartup() is OK!\n");
printf("Copying the supplied arguments...\n");
if (strcpy_s(szZone, sizeof(szZone), DEFAULT_ZONE) == 0)
printf("Zone copied successfully!\n");
else
printf("Zone copy failed!\n");
if(strcpy_s(szType, sizeof(szType), DEFAULT_TYPE) == 0)
printf("Type copied successfully!\n");
else
printf("Type copy failed!\n");
if(strcpy_s(szObject, sizeof(szObject), DEFAULT_OBJECT) == 0)
printf("object copied successfully!\n");
else
printf("object copy failed!\n");
s = socket(AF_APPLETALK, iSocketType, iProto);
if (s == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
printf("socket() failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return 1;
}
else
printf("socket() is OK!\n");
// Open a port on the AppleTalk network
ZeroMemory(&ataddr, sizeof(ataddr));
ataddr.sat_family = AF_APPLETALK;
ataddr.sat_socket = 0;
if (bind(s, (SOCKADDR *)&ataddr, sizeof(ataddr)) == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
printf("bind() failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return 1;
}
else
printf("bind() is OK lol!\n");
if (bSender) // we are sending packets
{
SOCKADDR_AT ataddr;
char sendbuff[MAX_BUFFER];
DWORD i;
u_long optval=1;
// Find the given name on the AppleTalk network so we can
// connect and send data to it!
if (FindName(s, szZone, szType, szObject, &ataddr) != 0)
{
printf("Unable to find a receiver!\n");
return 1;
}
else
printf("Receiver found!\n");
// If we found a name, try to connect to it
printf("Connecting to: %s:%s@%s\n", szObject, szType, szZone);
if (connect(s, (SOCKADDR *)&ataddr, sizeof(ataddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("connect() failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return 1;
}
else
printf("connect() is OK!\n");
if (ioctlsocket(s, FIONBIO, &optval) == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("ioctlsocket(FIONBIO) failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return 1;
}
else
printf("ioctlsocket(FIONBIO) is OK\n");
// Once we've connected, start sending data. Send the
// requested number of packets of the given size
memset(sendbuff, '$', dwSendSize);
i=0;
do {
if ((ret = atalksend(s, sendbuff, dwSendSize)) != 0)
{
if (ret == WSAEWOULDBLOCK)
{
printf("Client would block send() lol!\n");
continue;
}
else
{
printf("send() failed with error code %d\n", ret);
break;
}
}
else
printf("atalksend() is working...\n");
i++;
printf("Wrote %d bytes...\n", dwSendSize);
if ((ret = atalkrecv(s, sendbuff, &nRead)) != 0)
{
if (ret == WSAEWOULDBLOCK)
{
printf("Client would block atalkrecv()...\n");
continue;
}
else
{
printf("atalkrecv() failed with error code %d\n", ret);
break;
}
}
printf("Read %d bytes...\n", nRead);
} while (i < dwCount);
}
else // we're receiving data
{
SOCKET scli;
BOOL bDone=FALSE;
HANDLE hThread;
DWORD dwThreadId;
struct fd_set fdread;
// Register our name so others can connect to it
if (RegisterName(s, szZone, szType, szObject) != 0)
return 1;
else
printf("RegisterName() looks fine!\n");
listen(s, 8);
printf("listen() should be fine!\n");
printf("I'm listening you retard client...\n");
while (!bDone)
{
FD_ZERO(&fdread);
FD_SET(s, &fdread);
select(0, &fdread, NULL, NULL, NULL);
// Once we receive a connection accept it
scli = accept(s, (SOCKADDR *)&ataddr, &ataddrsz);
if (scli == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
printf("accept() failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
bDone = TRUE;
}
else
printf("accept() is OK!\n");
hThread = CreateThread(NULL, 0, ClientThread, (LPVOID)scli,0, &dwThreadId);
if (hThread == NULL)
{
printf("CreateThread() failed with error code %d\n", GetLastError());
bDone = TRUE;
}
else
printf("CreateThread() is OK!\n");
CloseHandle(hThread);
}
}
closesocket(s);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
Build and run the program. The following screenshot shows a sample output without any argument.
--------------------------------------------------------------
In the following program run, both receiver and sender are tested on different computer in same subnet (192.168.1.x). Firstly we run the program as a receiver. The following screenshot shows a sample output where the receiver is ready for a connection.
Then we run the same program as a sender on another computer. The following screenshot shows a sample output.
The following screenshot shows the previous receiver screenshot when the communication was completed successfully.
The following screenshots shows a sample outputs for adsp.
< AppleTalk Protocol | Winsock2 Supported Protocols Main | Another AppleTalk Example >