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Multicasting 9 Part 3
What do we have in this chapter 9 part 3?
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IPv4 with Multicast Sourcing
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IPv4 with Multicast Sourcing
IP source multicasting is available on systems that support the IGMPv3 protocol and allows a socket to join a multicast group on an interface while specifying a set of source addresses to accept data from. There are two possible modes in which a socket may join a group. The first is the INCLUDE mode, in which a socket joins a group specifying N number of valid source addresses to accept data from. The other mode is EXCLUDE, in which a socket joins a group specifying to accept data from anyone except the N source addresses listed. Depending on which mode is used, the socket options differ. To join a multicast group while using the INCLUDE mode, the socket options are IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP and IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP. The first step is to add one or more sources. Both socket options take a struct ip_mreq_source structure, which is defined as:
struct ip_mreq_source { struct in_addr imr_multiaddr; /* IP multicast address of group */ struct in_addr imr_sourceaddr; /* IP address of source */ struct in_addr imr_interface; /* local IP address of interface */ };
The imr_multiaddr and imr_interface fields are the same as in the struct ip_mreq structure. The new field imr_sourceaddr specifies the 32-bit IP address of the source to accept data from. If there are multiple valid sources, then the IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP is called again with the same multicast address and interface with the other valid source. The following code sample joins a multicast group on a local interface with two valid sources:
SOCKET s; SOCKADDR_IN localif; struct ip_mreq_source mreqsrc;
s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
localif.sin_family = AF_INET; localif.sin_port = htons(5150); localif.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); bind(s, (SOCKADDR *)&localif, sizeof(localif));
mreqsrc.imr_interface.s_addr = inet_addr("157.124.22.104"); mreqsrc.imr_multiaddr.s_addr = inet_addr("234.5.6.7"); mreqsrc.imr_sourceaddr.s_addr = inet_addr("172.138.104.10"); |
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP, (char *)&mreqsrc, sizeof(mreqsrc));
mreqsrc.imr_sourceaddr.s_addr = inet_addr("172.141.87.101");
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP, (char *)&mreqsrc, sizeof(mreqsrc));
To remove a source from the INCLUDE set, the IP_DROP_SOURCE_ MEMBERSHIP is called with the multicast group, local interface, and source to be removed.
To join a multicast group that excludes one or more sources, the multicast group is joined with IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP. Using IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP to join a group is equivalent to joining a group in the EXCLUDE mode except that no one is excluded. Data sent to the joined group is accepted regardless of the source. Once the group is joined, then the IP_BLOCK_SOURCE option is called to exclude the given source. Again, the struct ip_mreq_source structure is the input parameter that specifies the source to block. The following example joins a group and then excludes a single source:
SOCKET s;
SOCKADDR_IN localif;
struct ip_mreq mreq;
struct ip_mreq_source mreqsrc;
s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
localif.sin_family = AF_INET;
localif.sin_port = htons(5150);
localif.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
bind(s, (SOCKADDR *)&localif, sizeof(localif));
// Join a group - the filter is EXCLUDE none
mreq.imr_interface.s_addr = inet_addr("157.124.22.104");
mreq.imr_multiaddr.s_addr = inet_addr("234.5.6.7");
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, (char *)&mreq, sizeof(mreq));
mreqsrc.imr_interface = mreq.imr_interface;
mreqsrc.imr_multiaddr = mreq.imr_multiaddr;
mreqsrc.imr_sourceaddr.s_addr = inet_addr("172.138.104.10");
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_BLOCK_SOURCE, (char *)&mreqsrc, sizeof(mreqsrc));
If after some point, the application wishes to accept data from a source previously blocked, it may remove that source from the exclude set by calling setsockopt() with IP_UNBLOCK_SOURCE. A struct ip_mreq_source is the input parameter that specifies the source to accept data from.
The following program example demonstrates the multicast sourcing.
// Sample: IP Source Multicasting (requires IGMPv3)
// Files:
// ip_sourcemcastv3src.cpp - this file
// resolve.cpp - common routine for resolving host name and addresses
// resolve.h - header file for common routines
//
// Description:
// This sample illustrates IP multicasting using source multicasting.
// IP source multicasting is implemented on the wire via the IGMPv3 and
// is currently supported only on Windows XP. This sample allows you to
// specify one or more source addresses to include or exclude from the
// multicast group. By default, the mode is to include the given sources.
// If the -x parameter is specified then the list of sources is the list
// of sources to exclude traffic from.
//
// Remember that setting a IP multicast source filter only affects from
// what sources data is accepted from. It does not prevent the app from
// sending to that source.
//
// Command line options
// ip_sourcemcastv3 [-s] [-m str] [-p int] [-i str] [-b str] [-l] [-n int] [...]
// -b str Local interface to bind to
// -c Connect to multicast address before sending?
// -f Use SIO_SET_MULTICAST_FILTER instead
// -h str Source (host) address (may be specified multiple times)
// -i str Local interface to use for the multicast join
// -j Don't join the multicast group (sender option)
// -l 0/1 Disable the loopback
// -m str Dotted decimal IP multicast address to join
// -n int Number of messages to send or receive
// -p int Port number to use
// -s Act as sender; otherwise receive data
// -t Set multicast TTL
// -x Switch to exclude (default is include)
// -z Size of send/recv buffer
//
// Link to ws2_32.lib
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include "resolve.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#define MCASTADDRV4 "224.0.0.255"
#define MCASTPORT "25000"
#define BUFSIZE 1024
#define DEFAULT_COUNT 500
#define DEFAULT_TTL 8
BOOL bSender=FALSE, // Act as sender?
bConnect=FALSE, // Connect before sending?
bLoopBack=FALSE, // Loopback parameter specified?
bDontJoin=FALSE, // Sender option - don't join the group before sending
bUseFilter=FALSE; // Use SIO_SET_MULTICAST_FILTER instead
int gSocketType=SOCK_DGRAM,
gProtocol=IPPROTO_UDP,
gLoopBack=0, // Disable loopback?
gCount=DEFAULT_COUNT, // Number of messages to send/receive
gMode=MCAST_INCLUDE, // Source mode: include or exclude
gSourceCount=0, // Number of sources specified
gTtl=DEFAULT_TTL, // Multicast ttl value
gBufferSize=BUFSIZE; // Size of send/recv buffer
char *gBindAddr=NULL, // Interface to bind to
*gInterface=NULL, // Interface to join on
*gMulticast=MCASTADDRV4, // Multicast group to join
*gPort=MCASTPORT, // Port number to use
**gSourceList=NULL; // List of source IP addresses
// Function: usage
// Description: Print usage information and exit.
int usage(char *progname)
{
printf("Usage: %s -s -m str -p int -i str -l -n int\n", progname);
printf(" -b str String address to bind to\n");
printf(" -c Connect before sending?\n");
printf(" -f Use SIO_SET_MULTICAST_FILTER instead\n");
printf(" -h str Source address\n");
printf(" -i str Local interface to join groups. The default port is: %s\n", MCASTPORT);
printf(" -j Don't join the multicast group\n");
printf(" -l 0/1 Turn on/off loopback\n");
printf(" -m str Dotted decimal multicast IP address to join\n");
printf(" -n int Number of messages to send/receive\n");
printf(" -p int Port number to use\n");
printf(" -s Act as server (send data), otherwise receive data.\n");
printf(" -t int Set multicast ttl value\n");
printf(" -x Switch to exclude mode (default mode is include)\n");
printf(" -z int Size of send/recv buffer\n");
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
// Function: ValidateArgs
// Description: Parse the command line arguments and set some global flags depending on the values
void ValidateArgs(int argc, char **argv)
{
int hostcount=0, i;
// First count how many source IPs are given so
// we may allocate an array large enough to hold them
for(i=1; i < argc ;i++)
{
if (tolower(argv[i][1]) == 'h')
hostcount++;
}
gSourceList = (char **)HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, sizeof(char *) * hostcount);
if (gSourceList == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "ValidateArgs: HeapAlloc() failed with error code %d\n", GetLastError());
ExitProcess(-1);
}
// Now process the commands
for(i=1; i < argc ;i++)
{
if ((argv[i][0] == '-') || (argv[i][0] == '/'))
{
switch (tolower(argv[i][1]))
{
case 'b': // Address to bind to
if (i+1 >= argc)
usage(argv[0]);
gBindAddr = argv[++i];
break;
case 'c': // Connect socket
bConnect = TRUE;
break;
case 'f': // Use SIO_SET_MULTICAST_FILTER instead
bUseFilter = TRUE;
break;
case 'h': // Source (host) address
if (i+1 >= argc)
usage(argv[0]);
gSourceList[gSourceCount++] = argv[++i];
break;
case 'i': // local interface to use
if (i+1 >= argc)
usage(argv[0]);
gInterface = argv[++i];
break;
case 'j': // Don't join multicast group
bDontJoin = TRUE;
break;
case 'l': // Disable loopback?
if (i+1 >= argc)
usage(argv[0]);
bLoopBack = TRUE;
gLoopBack = atoi(argv[++i]);
break;
case 'm': // multicast group to join
if (i+1 >= argc)
usage(argv[0]);
gMulticast = argv[++i];
break;
case 'n': // Number of messages to send/recv
if (i+1 >= argc)
usage(argv[0]);
gCount = atoi(argv[++i]);
break;
case 'p': // Port number to use
if (i+1 >= argc)
usage(argv[0]);
gPort = argv[++i];
break;
case 's': // sender
bSender = TRUE;
break;
case 'x': // Switch mode to exclude
gMode = MCAST_EXCLUDE;
break;
case 'z': // Size of send receive buffer
if (i+1 >= argc)
usage(argv[0]);
gBufferSize = atol(argv[++i]);
break;
default:
usage(argv[0]);
break;
}
}
}
return;
}
// Function: JoinMulticastGroup
// Description:
// This routine joins the multicast group for the given sources. If the mode
// is include (and we're not using SIO_SET_MULTICAST_FILTER) then
// IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP is used on each source. If the mode is exclude
// (and SIO_SET_MULTICAST_FILTER is not specified) then we join the group like
// normal (using IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP) and then we drop each of the source IPs
// given using IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP. On the other hand if SIO_SET_MULTICAST_FILTER
// is specified (via the -f option), we simply use the ioctl in a one shot does everything call.
int JoinMulticastGroup(SOCKET s, struct addrinfo *group, struct addrinfo *iface)
{
struct addrinfo *ressrc=NULL;
int rc, i;
rc = NO_ERROR;
if (bUseFilter == FALSE)
{
struct ip_mreq mreqv4;
struct ip_mreq_source mreqv4src;
if (gMode == MCAST_INCLUDE)
{
// If the mode is include, call IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP for each source.
// In this sample we only add sources but in a more dynamic environment
// you could remove sources that were previously added by calling IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP.
for(i=0; i < gSourceCount ;i++)
{
mreqv4src.imr_multiaddr = ((SOCKADDR_IN *)group->ai_addr)->sin_addr;
mreqv4src.imr_interface = ((SOCKADDR_IN *)iface->ai_addr)->sin_addr;
// Resolve the source IP
ressrc = ResolveAddress(gSourceList[i], "0", group->ai_family, group->ai_socktype, group->ai_protocol);
if (ressrc == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "JoinMulticastGroup: Unable to resolve address: %s\n", gSourceList[i]);
continue;
}
mreqv4src.imr_sourceaddr = ((SOCKADDR_IN *)ressrc->ai_addr)->sin_addr;
// Add the source membership
rc = setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP, (char *)&mreqv4src, sizeof(mreqv4src));
if (rc == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
fprintf(stderr, "JoinMulticastGroup: setsockopt(): IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
}
else
{
printf("ADD SOURCE: ");
PrintAddress(ressrc->ai_addr, ressrc->ai_addrlen);
printf(" for GROUP: ");
PrintAddress(group->ai_addr, group->ai_addrlen);
printf(" on INTERFACE: ");
PrintAddress(iface->ai_addr, iface->ai_addrlen);
printf("\n");
}
freeaddrinfo(ressrc);
}
}
else if (gMode == MCAST_EXCLUDE)
{
// For exclude mode, we first need to join the multicast group with
// IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP (which sets the mode to EXCLUDE NONE). After which
// we drop those sources that we want to block from membership via the
// IP_BLOCK_SOURCE. This sample only drops sources but does not allow
// them back into the group. To add back a source that was previously
// dropped, you would call IP_UNBLOCK_SOURCE.
mreqv4.imr_multiaddr = ((SOCKADDR_IN *)group->ai_addr)->sin_addr;
mreqv4.imr_interface = ((SOCKADDR_IN *)iface->ai_addr)->sin_addr;
// First join the group (state will be EXCLUDE NONE)
rc = setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, (char *)&mreqv4, sizeof(mreqv4));
if (rc == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
fprintf(stderr, "JoinMulticastGroup: setsockopt(): IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return SOCKET_ERROR;
}
else
{
printf("JOINED GROUP: ");
PrintAddress(group->ai_addr, group->ai_addrlen);
printf(" on INTERFACE: ");
PrintAddress(iface->ai_addr, iface->ai_addrlen);
printf("\n");
}
// Now drop each source from the group
for(i=0; i < gSourceCount ;i++)
{
mreqv4src.imr_multiaddr = ((SOCKADDR_IN *)group->ai_addr)->sin_addr;
mreqv4src.imr_interface = ((SOCKADDR_IN *)iface->ai_addr)->sin_addr;
ressrc = ResolveAddress(gSourceList[i], "0", group->ai_family, group->ai_socktype, group->ai_protocol);
if (ressrc == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "JoinMulticastGroup: Unable to resolve address: %s\n", gSourceList[i]);
continue;
}
mreqv4src.imr_sourceaddr = ((SOCKADDR_IN *)ressrc->ai_addr)->sin_addr;
rc = setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_BLOCK_SOURCE, (char *)&mreqv4src, sizeof(mreqv4src));
if (rc == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
fprintf(stderr, "JoinMulticastGroup: setsockopt(): IP_BLOCK_SOURCE failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
}
else
{
printf(" DROPPED SOURCE: ");
PrintAddress(ressrc->ai_addr, ressrc->ai_addrlen);
printf("\n");
}
freeaddrinfo(ressrc);
}
}
}
else
{
struct ip_msfilter *filter=NULL;
char *filterbuf=NULL;
int filterlen=0;
DWORD bytes;
// Otherwise, use the SIO_SET_MULTICAST_FILTER to set all the sources
// with one call. First we have to build up a ip_msfilter structure
// which contains all the source's IP addresses.
// calculate the size of the filter buffer necessary
filterlen = sizeof(struct ip_msfilter) + ((gSourceCount-1) * sizeof(struct in_addr));
filterbuf = (char *)HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, filterlen);
if (filterbuf == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "JoinMulticastGroup: HeapAlloc() failed with error code %d\n", GetLastError());
ExitProcess(-1);
}
filter = (struct ip_msfilter *)filterbuf;
filter->imsf_multiaddr = ((SOCKADDR_IN *)group->ai_addr)->sin_addr;
filter->imsf_interface = ((SOCKADDR_IN *)iface->ai_addr)->sin_addr;
filter->imsf_fmode = gMode;
filter->imsf_numsrc = gSourceCount;
printf("SETTING MULTICAST FILTER STATE:\n");
printf(" Multicast address: ");
PrintAddress(group->ai_addr, group->ai_addrlen);
printf("\n");
printf(" Local interface : ");
PrintAddress(iface->ai_addr, iface->ai_addrlen);
printf("\n");
printf(" Mode is : %s\n", ((gMode == MCAST_INCLUDE) ? "INCLUDE" : "EXCLUDE"));
printf(" Source count : %d\n", gSourceCount);
// fill in each source address into the structure
for(i=0; i < gSourceCount ;i++)
{
ressrc = ResolveAddress(gSourceList[i], "0", group->ai_family, group->ai_socktype, group->ai_protocol);
if (ressrc == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "JoinMulticastGroup: Unable to resolve source: %s\n", gSourceList[i]);
break;
}
else
{
printf(" Source [%d] : ", i);
PrintAddress(ressrc->ai_addr, ressrc->ai_addrlen);
printf("\n");
}
filter->imsf_slist[i] = ((SOCKADDR_IN *)ressrc->ai_addr)->sin_addr;
freeaddrinfo(ressrc);
}
// Set the multicast filter state with one call
rc = WSAIoctl(s, SIO_SET_MULTICAST_FILTER, filterbuf, filterlen, NULL, 0, &bytes, NULL, NULL);
if (rc == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
fprintf(stderr, "JoinMulticastGroup: WSAIoctl(): SIO_SET_MULTICAST_FILTER failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return SOCKET_ERROR;
}
}
return NO_ERROR;
}
// Function: GetMulticastState
// Description: Obtains the current multicast filter state and prints it to the console.
void GetMulticastState(SOCKET s, struct addrinfo *group, struct addrinfo *iface)
{
struct ip_msfilter *filter=NULL;
char buf[15000];
int buflen=15000, rc, i;
filter = (struct ip_msfilter *)buf;
filter->imsf_multiaddr = ((SOCKADDR_IN *)group->ai_addr)->sin_addr;
filter->imsf_interface = ((SOCKADDR_IN *)iface->ai_addr)->sin_addr;
rc = WSAIoctl(s, SIO_GET_MULTICAST_FILTER, buf, buflen, buf, buflen, (LPDWORD)&buflen, NULL, NULL);
if (rc == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
fprintf(stderr, "GetMulticastState: WSAIoctl() failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return;
}
printf("imsf_multiaddr = %s\n", inet_ntoa(filter->imsf_multiaddr));
printf("imsf_interface = %s\n", inet_ntoa(filter->imsf_interface));
printf("imsf_fmode = %s\n", (filter->imsf_fmode == MCAST_INCLUDE ? "MCAST_INCLUDE" : "MCAST_EXCLUDE"));
printf("imsf_numsrc = %d\n", filter->imsf_numsrc);
for(i=0; i < (int)filter->imsf_numsrc ;i++)
{
printf("imsf_slist[%d] = %s\n", i, inet_ntoa(filter->imsf_slist[i]));
}
return;
}
// Function: SetSendInterface
// Description: Set the send interface for the socket.
int SetSendInterface(SOCKET s, struct addrinfo *iface)
{
char *optval=NULL;
int optlevel, option, optlen, rc;
optlevel = IPPROTO_IP;
option = IP_MULTICAST_IF;
optval = (char *) &((SOCKADDR_IN *)iface->ai_addr)->sin_addr.s_addr;
optlen = sizeof(((SOCKADDR_IN *)iface->ai_addr)->sin_addr.s_addr);
rc = setsockopt(s, optlevel, option, optval, optlen);
if (rc == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("setsockopt() failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
}
else
{
printf("Set sending interface to: ");
PrintAddress(iface->ai_addr, iface->ai_addrlen);
printf("\n");
}
return rc;
}
// Function: SetMulticastTtl
// Description: This routine sets the multicast TTL on the socket.
int SetMulticastTtl(SOCKET s, int af, int ttl)
{
char *optval=NULL;
int optlevel, option, optlen, rc;
optlevel = IPPROTO_IP;
option = IP_MULTICAST_TTL;
optval = (char *) &ttl;
optlen = sizeof(ttl);
rc = setsockopt(s, optlevel, option, optval, optlen);
if (rc == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
fprintf(stderr, "SetMulticastTtl: setsockopt() failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
}
else
{
printf("Set multicast ttl to: %d\n", ttl);
}
return rc;
}
// Function: SetMulticastLoopBack
// Description:
// This function enabled or disables multicast loopback. If loopback is enabled
// (and the socket is a member of the destination multicast group) then the
// data will be placed in the receive queue for the socket such that if a
// receive is posted on the socket its own data will be read. For this sample
// it doesn't really matter as if invoked as the sender, no data is read.
int SetMulticastLoopBack(SOCKET s, int af, int loopval)
{
char *optval=NULL;
int optlevel, option, optlen, rc;
optlevel = IPPROTO_IP;
option = IP_MULTICAST_LOOP;
optval = (char *) &loopval;
optlen = sizeof(loopval);
rc = setsockopt(s, optlevel, option, optval, optlen);
if (rc == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
fprintf(stderr, "SetMulticastLoopBack: setsockopt() failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
}
else
{
printf("Setting multicast loopback to: %d\n", loopval);
}
return rc;
}
// Function: main
// Description:
// Parse the command line arguments, load the Winsock library,
// create a socket and join the multicast group. If set as a
// sender then begin sending messages to the multicast group;
// otherwise, call recvfrom() to read messages send to the group.
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
WSADATA wsd;
SOCKET s;
struct addrinfo *resmulti=NULL, *resbind=NULL, *resif=NULL;
char *buf;
int rc, i=0;
if(argc < 2)
{
usage(argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
// Parse the command line
ValidateArgs(argc, argv);
if ((gMode == MCAST_INCLUDE) && (gSourceCount == 0) && (!bUseFilter))
{
printf("\nNo sources specified!\n\n"
"At least one source must be specified when mode is INCLUDE\n"
" and not using the multicast filter option (-f)\n\n");
usage(argv[0]);
}
// Load Winsock
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(1, 1), &wsd) != 0)
{
printf("WSAStartup() failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
// Resolve the multicast address
resmulti = ResolveAddress(gMulticast, gPort, AF_UNSPEC, gSocketType, gProtocol);
if (resmulti == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to convert multicast address '%s': Error %d\n", gMulticast, WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
if (resmulti->ai_family != AF_INET)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Source multicasting is only supported for IPv4\n");
return -1;
}
// Resolve the binding address
resbind = ResolveAddress(gBindAddr, (bSender ? "0" : gPort), resmulti->ai_family, resmulti->ai_socktype, resmulti->ai_protocol);
if (resbind == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to convert bind address '%s': Error %d\n", gBindAddr, WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
if (resbind->ai_family != AF_INET)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Source multicasting is only supported for IPv4\n");
return -1;
}
// Resolve the multicast interface
resif = ResolveAddress(gInterface, "0", resmulti->ai_family, resmulti->ai_socktype, resmulti->ai_protocol);
if (resif == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to convert interface address '%s': Error %d\n", gInterface, WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
if (resif->ai_family != AF_INET)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Source multicasting is only supported for IPv4\n");
return -1;
}
// Create the socket. In Winsock 1 you don't need any special flags to indicate multicasting.
s = socket(resmulti->ai_family, resmulti->ai_socktype, resmulti->ai_protocol);
if (s == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
printf("socket() failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
printf("socket handle = 0x%p\n", s);
// Bind the socket to the local interface. This is done so we can receive data
rc = bind(s, resbind->ai_addr, resbind->ai_addrlen);
if (rc == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("bind() failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
printf("Binding to ");
PrintAddress(resbind->ai_addr, resbind->ai_addrlen);
printf("\n");
if (bDontJoin == FALSE)
{
rc = JoinMulticastGroup(s, resmulti, resif);
if (rc == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
return -1;
}
}
rc = SetSendInterface(s, resif);
if (rc == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
return -1;
}
// Set the TTL to something else. The default TTL is one.
rc = SetMulticastTtl(s, resmulti->ai_family, gTtl);
if (rc == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
return -1;
}
// Disable the loopback if selected. Note that on NT4 and Win95 you cannot disable it.
if (bLoopBack)
{
rc = SetMulticastLoopBack(s, resmulti->ai_family, gLoopBack);
if (rc == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
return -1;
}
}
// When using sendto on an IPv6 multicast socket, the scope id needs to be zero
if ((bSender) && (resmulti->ai_family == AF_INET6))
((SOCKADDR_IN6 *)resmulti->ai_addr)->sin6_scope_id = 0;
if (bConnect)
{
rc = connect(s, resmulti->ai_addr, resmulti->ai_addrlen);
if (rc == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("connect() failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
}
GetMulticastState(s, resmulti, resif);
buf = (char *)HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, gBufferSize);
if (buf == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "HeapAlloc() failed with error code %d\n", GetLastError());
return -1;
}
if (!bSender) // receiver
{
SOCKADDR_STORAGE safrom;
int fromlen;
for(i=0; i < gCount ;i++)
{
fromlen = sizeof(safrom);
rc = recvfrom(s, buf, gBufferSize, 0, (SOCKADDR *)&safrom, &fromlen);
if (rc == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("recvfrom() failed with error code %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
break;
}
printf("Received %d bytes from <", rc);
PrintAddress((SOCKADDR *)&safrom, fromlen);
printf(">\n");
}
}
else // sender
{
memset(buf, '$', gBufferSize);
// Send some data
for(i=0; i < gCount ; i++)
{
rc = sendto(s, buf, gBufferSize, 0, resmulti->ai_addr, resmulti->ai_addrlen);
if (rc == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("sendto failed with: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
printf("Sent %d bytes to ", rc);
PrintAddress(resmulti->ai_addr, resmulti->ai_addrlen);
printf("\n");
Sleep(500);
}
}
freeaddrinfo(resmulti);
freeaddrinfo(resbind);
freeaddrinfo(resif);
HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, buf);
closesocket(s);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
Next, let add the common resolve.h and its definition file, resolve.cpp into the project. Firstly, copy both files from the previous project.
------------------------------------------------------------
Then paste those file into the current project file.
Then, add those files into the project using Add > Existing Item menu.
Multiple select those files and click Add button.
Build and run the project.
Run as receiver/client.
Run as sender/server.
The previous receiver/client screenshot is shown below.
Useful References:
1. IPv4 Multicasting Tools and Settings.
2. Windows Server 2003 Resource Kit Tools.
3. TCP/IP and NBT configuration parameters for Windows XP.
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